Urban Green and Blue Space: Perception, Use, Quality, Accessibility and Health Risks Furthermore, it highlights the amount of greenery needed by interconnecting concepts within a compact city garden approach.Ģ. In this paper, we elaborate upon this discussion by examining quality, accessibility, health risks of UGS, attitudes toward UGS and how landscape architects and urban planners can incorporate greenery via the delivery system of ecosystem services to inhabitants for more resilient and healthy compact cities. state traditional forms such as urban allotment gardens have been problematised as seemingly incompatible with the requirements of UGS provision in the overall platform of compact cities.
Research indicates urban gardening practices that are desirable, smart and compact in form and function support sustainable practices, increase liveability and higher urbanised standards of development. As a result, a number of relating inferences have been made regarding urban allotment garden space and newly implemented urban gardening infrastructure. Local authorities, increasingly, are in search of new, adaptive and flexible forms of urban gardening, characterised by high accessibility and hybrid functions. Improving public health through urban development and greenery renewal of compact cities is an important part of the sustainable development concept. In order to contrast the urban heat island and effectively provide ecosystem services, sufficient and high-quality UGS and or other greenery elements should be readily made available to urban residents. Densification has shown to be largely unhealthy within these urban neighbourhoods affecting mostly local residents the permanence of urban built structures makes it likely future residents’ health will also be affected by conditions resulting from today’s urban planning which is not restricted to the short term. Moreover, such cities are the most impacted by the heat island effect and the resulting consequences from urban densification. These features are believed to contribute to a form of functional urban design that, in turn, would support a more sustainable living relationship within such environments however, compact cities that have an overall lower percentage of UGS demonstrate to lack ecosystem services. This type of practice is believed to restrain urban sprawl by intensifying activity in urban dense regions, reducing personal vehicle trips and providing diverse services through mixed land use and revitalisation of old urban areas (i.e., discouraging infill development). It includes a well-ordered distinction between the city and countryside (i.e., a ‘counterbalance’) in physical appearance and land use functions to city-dwellers.
The compact city is identified as a high-density and mixed-use pattern which leaves space for the countryside, husbandry, nature and recreation. In response to these environmental hazards and urban densification (i.e., via rapid population growth and rural to urban migration), there is a growing need to innovate healthier designs and planned sustainability for resilient urban environments. With the increasing frequency and severity of environmental hazards and climate change such as heat, urban design strategies will play an important role in reducing vulnerability, promoting health and building resilience. Urbanisation and densification processes have led to a loss of urban green space (UGS) and biodiversity within cities, particularly within Asia and Australia and to a lesser extent Europe and North America. The consequences of urban sprawl have resulted in pollution, consumption of resources and energy and various types of dumping grounds. At present, cities are facing a number of environmental issues which influence the wellbeing and livelihood of millions worldwide.
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